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1. Those completing mantram repetition were found to be more likely to make meaningful improvements in PTSD symptoms, and these effects appeared to occur largely through improvements in:
A. Hyperarousal
B. Spiritual well-being
C. Both (A) and (B)
D. None of the above
2. Mindfulness has been demonstrated to be a significant negative predictor of which of the following among firefighters?
A. PTSD symptoms
B. Depressive symptoms
C. Problematic alcohol use
D. All of the above
3. Trials using “trauma-sensitive” yoga, which involves practice modifications to help trauma survivors feel safer, such as invitatory language, good lighting, and poses that facilitate feeling safe, appear more efficacious than those without such considerations.
A. True
B. False
4. Neuropsychological evidence suggests meditation improves the ability to modulate:
A. Cognition
B. Emotion
C. Behavior
D. All of the above
5. Increased _____ has been observed following meditation.
A. Parasympathetic nervous activity
B. Sympathetic nervous activity
C. Both (A) and (B)
D. None of the above
6. Compared to treatment-as-usual participants, how many mindfulness-based meditation sessions are needed for Veterans to have a significant reduction in their cortisol awakening response and a significant change in cortisol area under the curve increase?
A. 6
B. 4
C. 2
D. 1
7. Veterans may seek a portable, private meditation-based mantram type of treatment because it:
A. Is nonpharmacological
B. Does not focus on trauma
C. Both (A) and (B)
D. None of the above
8. Which of the following improve PTSD and depression symptoms compared with a control group?
A. Adjunctive meditation interventions of mindfulness-based stress reduction
B. Yoga
C. Mantram repetition programs
D. All of the above
9. Neuroimaging studies suggest that loving-kindness meditation and compassion meditation may enhance activation of brain areas that are involved in all of the following, except:
A. Resilience
B. Empathy
C. Emotional processing
D. All of the above are enhanced
10. Compared to a control group, Kundalini Yoga participants showed greater changes in measures of all of the following, except for:
A. Sleep
B. Coping
C. Stress
D. Resilience
11. Which of the following has the most supporting data for merit?
A. Mindfulness
B. Transcendental Meditation
C. Progressive muscle relaxation
D. All of the above have equal merit
12. After completing a trauma-informed yoga program, which of the following results were found for women with histories of interpersonal violence that had developed treatment-resistant PTSD?
A. Neither the yoga nor the control groups exhibited significant decreases in PTSD symptoms during treatment.
B. Both the yoga and the control groups exhibited significant decreases in PTSD symptoms during the first half of treatment, but both groups relapsed after initial improvement.
C. Both the yoga and the control groups exhibited significant decreases in PTSD symptoms during the first half of treatment, but these improvements were only maintained in the yoga group, while the control group relapsed after its initial improvement.
D. Both the yoga and the control groups exhibited significant decreases in PTSD symptoms during the first half of treatment, and these improvements were maintained in both groups.
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