Quantum Units Education®

Executive Summary

1. Counselors’ use of _____ is key to enhancing clients’ motivation to change.

2. Resistance to change is:

3. The spirit of motivational interviewing is the foundation of the core counseling skills required for enhancing clients’ motivation to change, which include all of the following features, except:

4. All of the following are core counseling skills of motivational interviewing, except:

5. The key to helping the client move in the direction toward changing substance use behaviors is to evoke change talk and soften or lessen the impact of sustain talk on the client’s decision-making process.

6. Reflective listening is fundamental to person-centered counseling in general and motivational interviewing in particular and is essential for setting the tone of authority.

7. All of the following are processes in motivational interviewing that provide an overarching framework for employing the core skills in conversations with a client, except for:

8. Providing personalized feedback on assessment results and involving significant others in counseling sessions are key strategies for raising concern and moving the client toward:

9. All of the following are goal-sampling strategies that may be helpful to the client who is not committed to abstinence as a change goal, except for:

Chapter 1 - A New Look at Motivation

10. All of the following are key aspects of alcohol use disorder, except:

11. Multiple factors influence whether and how rapidly a person will develop an SUD, including the substance itself, the genetic vulnerability of the user, and the amount, frequency, and duration of the misuse.

12. Which of the following is an extrinsic motivation described by the self-determination theory?

13. Which of the following is a component of motivation that predicts good treatment outcomes?

14. In addiction treatment, clients have to “hit bottom” or experience terrible, irreparable consequences of their substance misuse to become ready to change.

15. Which type of counselor style predicts increased retention in treatment and reduced substance use across a wide range of clinical settings and types of clients?

16. An argumentative or confrontational style of counseling, such as challenging client defenses and arguing, tends to be counterproductive and are associated with poorer outcomes for clients.

17. A counselor’s task is to:

18. Which of the following represents a final step in which a person finally decides to change a particular behavior?

19. Which of the following personality traits has been found to predict that an individual will develop an SUD?

20. Adversarial confrontation is one of the most effective methods for helping clients change substance use behavior, can increase motivation for beneficial change, and often contributes to better outcomes.

21. All SUDs increase in severity.

22. The crucial variable in a client’s recovery from an SUD is:

23. Many adults in the United States resolve an alcohol or drug use problem without assistance.

24. Individuals in the _____ stage often are not convinced that their pattern of use is problematic.

25. During which stage of the SOC model do the pros and cons of continuing to use substances or changing substance use behaviors tend to balance or cancel each other out?

Chapter 2 - Motivational Counseling and Brief Intervention

26. Personalized feedback to clients should address cultural differences and norms related to substance misuse.

27. All of the following are immediate risks of intoxication or binge drinking, except:

28. The key to using feedback to enhance motivation is to:

29. All of the following are strategies for emphasizing client responsibility, except:

30. The client does most of the talking when a counselor uses an empathic style.

31. In addiction treatment, _____ usually refers to clients’ ability to identify high-risk situations that trigger their urge to drink or use drugs and to develop coping skills to manage that urge and not return to substance use.

32. Which of the following is a behavioral catalyst for change?

33. All of the following are viable approaches to adapting motivational interviewing for African Americans, except:

34. Having any mental disorder increases the risk of substance misuse.

35. Research has found that brief intervention may be more effective than brief treatment in reducing illicit drug use patterns.

Chapter 3 - Motivational Interviewing as a Counseling Style

36. Reflective listening is fundamental to the four motivational interviewing processes and core counseling strategies.

37. Motivational interviewing is particularly helpful when clients are in the _____ stage of the SOC.

38. Collaborative counselor-client relationships are the essence of motivational interviewing, without which motivational interviewing counseling techniques are ineffective.

39. Which component of acceptance honors and respects a client’s right to and capacity for self-direction?

40. The needs of which of the following take precedence?

41. All of the following are misconceptions about motivational interviewing, except:

42. Frequently, a client’s _____ is a roadblock to change.

43. How should ambivalence be viewed in the change process?

44. In motivational interviewing, the counselor’s main goal is to evoke change talk and minimize evoking or reinforcing sustain talk in counseling sessions.

45. All of the following are core counseling skills of motivational interviewing, except for:

46. Which of the following is the key component of expressing empathy?

47. The counselor’s attitude should be one of:

48. Reflective listening is simply a matter of being quiet while the client is speaking.

49. Complex reflections engage clients and let them know that you’re genuinely interested in understanding their perspective.

50. The first step in making a complex reflection of meaning or feelings is to:

51. An open question should be followed with at least _____ reflective listening response(s) before asking another question.

52. Which essential component of person-centered counseling does careful reflective listening accomplish?

53. Which type of motivational interviewing summarization wraps up a conversation or task and moves the client along the change process?

54. What is the first step in all counseling approaches?

55. Even without identifying a target behavior, change talk can still be evoked.

56. Which of the following is the core of motivational interviewing and differentiates it from other counseling methods?

57. When responding to sustain talk, a counselor should try to persuade the client to take the change side of ambivalence.

58. The paradox of _____ is that it helps people tolerate more discrepancy and, instead of avoiding that tension, propels them toward change.

59. The “Columbo approach,” where the counselor expresses understanding and continuously seeks clarification of the client’s problem but appears unable to perceive any solution, is particularly useful with a client who is in the:

60. One of the most consistent predictors of positive client behavior change is _____ change talk.

61. Which of the following is associated with change talk?

Chapter 4 - From Precontemplation to Contemplation: Building Readiness

62. From a change perspective, it is more important to understand how the status quo came to be than it is to recognize an individual’s current views on change and address their reasons for not wanting to change.

63. A key strategy to helping clients move from the Precontemplation stage to contemplating change is to:

64. A client in Precontemplation is often moved to enter the cycle of change by extrinsic sources of motivation.

65. A counselor must inform the client which information will be kept private, which can be released with permission, and which must be sent back to a referring agency.

66. A counselor should avoid:

67. The simplest way to assess the client’s readiness to change is to use the Importance Ruler and the Confidence Ruler.

68. Which style of expressing is the Precontemplation Stage manifested as the client being afraid of losing control over their lives and having a large investment in their substance of choice?

69. A counselor can help move clients from Precontemplation to Contemplation by raising doubts about the harmlessness of their substance use and concerns about their substance use behavior.

70. One way to raise concern in the client is to focus only on negative aspects of substance use.

71. Clients should be provided with personalized feedback on the risks associated with their own substance use and how their consumption compares with others of the same culture, age, or gender.

72. Unless used by the client, the counselor should avoid the word _____ in relation to substance use, as it might create discord.

73. All of the following are important principles to keep in mind during the first session, except:

Chapter 5 - From Contemplation to Preparation: Increasing Commitment

74. Which category of self-efficacy is the ability to successfully deal with situations that tempt one to use substances, such as being assertive with friends or talking with someone when upset rather than using the substance?

Chapter 6 - From Preparation to Action: Initiating Change

75. In the Preparation stage, the counselor uses motivational strategies to increase clients’ readiness.

76. When the goals of the client and counselor differ, the counselor can choose any of the following strategies, except to:

77. One of the most important tasks of the counselor is to ensure that the change plan is realistic and can be carried out.

Chapter 7 - From Action to Maintenance: Stabilizing Change

78. Setbacks, particularly with maintenance of substance use behavior change, often occurs between _____ months after treatment, and the counselor should plan regular follow-up sessions with clients to reinforce and support maintenance of treatment gains.

79. A return to substance use after a period of abstinence indicates that a client has failed and is no longer in recovery.

Chapter 8 - Integrating Motivational Approaches in SUD Treatment Settings

80. Perhaps the most challenging aspect of group-based motivational interviewing is: