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1. Which of the following is a true statement about the classification of obesity based on BMI?
A. A BMI of 25 is classified as obese for all individuals.
B. A BMI of 30 is classified as Class I obesity for adults.
C. A BMI of 40 is classified as overweight for adults.
D. A BMI of 35 is classified as Class II obesity for children, regardless of growth chart percentiles.
2. Which of the following genetic factors contributes the most to the variation in BMI among individuals?
A. Single gene mutations causing Prader-Willi syndrome.
B. Genetic variations affecting appetite and fat storage.
C. Leptin resistance due to high-fat diets.
D. Altered gut microbiome diversity supplemented by diet.
3. Which of the following is a physiological consequence of obesity that impacts the sympathetic nervous system?
A. Decreased leptin levels leading to chronic fatigue.
B. Increased estrogen levels resulting in satiety.
C. Chronic stimulation leading to hypertension.
D. Decreased ghrelin levels leading to suppressed appetite.
4. Which current treatment option for obesity is likely to be most effective when considering diverse populations?
A. Pharmacological interventions that target glucose production.
B. Lifestyle changes focusing solely on calorie reduction.
C. Surgical procedures that reduce stomach size only.
D. Comprehensive approaches integrating lifestyle, pharmacology, and surgery.
5. Which comorbidity is least likely to directly result from obesity's influence on metabolism?
A. Type 2 diabetes.
B. Cardiovascular disease.
C. Hypertension.
D. Gallbladder disease.
6. Which of the following is a key factor contributing to the development of metabolic syndrome in patients with obesity?
A. Insulin sensitivity and genetic factors
B. Hyperlipidemia caused by physical inactivity
C. Insulin resistance and increased abdominal fat
D. Reduced caloric intake and increased hydration
7. What is a potential physiological consequence of obesity on the musculoskeletal system?
A. Osteoarthritis due to increased joint pressure and systemic inflammation
B. Hypercalcemia from bone demineralization
C. Decreased muscle mass leading to joint stiffening
D. Hyperhidrosis resulting from excess fat exertion
8. Which medication is used long-term to treat obesity by inhibiting fat absorption?
A. Phentermine
B. Orlistat
C. Liraglutide
D. Bupropion-naltrexone
9. How does obesity potentially complicate surgical recovery for patients undergoing joint replacement?
A. Excess adipose tissue improves wound healing capability
B. Systemic inflammation minimizes graft rejection risk
C. High BMI increases the likelihood of surgical complications
D. Elevated lipid levels enhance post-surgical mobility
10. What is the primary cause of type 2 diabetes in patients with obesity?
A. Excess insulin production
B. Inflammation caused by non-esterified fatty acids
C. Unrestricted glucose consumption
D. Increased activity of pancreatic beta cells
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